Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

What is ADHD?

ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood. ADHD is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that often impairs functioning and daily life activities. The symptoms of ADHD can vary from person to person and can be categorized into two main types: inattentive type and hyperactive-impulsive type. Some individuals may exhibit predominantly inattentive symptoms, such as difficulty sustaining attention, being easily distracted, forgetfulness, and organizational problems. Others may display predominantly hyperactive and impulsive symptoms, such as excessive fidgeting, restlessness, impulsivity, difficulty waiting their turn, and interrupting others. It's important to note that ADHD is a clinical diagnosis, meaning it is made by a qualified healthcare professional based on specific criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The diagnosis involves a thorough evaluation of the individual's symptoms, medical history, and observations from parents, teachers, and other significant individuals in the person's life. The exact cause of ADHD is not known, but research suggests that it is likely influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. It is believed that imbalances in certain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, play a role in the development of ADHD. Treatment for ADHD often involves a multimodal approach that may include behavioral interventions, psychoeducation, and medication. Behavioral interventions may involve parent training, school accommodations, and individual or family therapy to help manage symptoms and develop coping strategies. Medications, such as stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate and amphetamines) or non-stimulants (e.g., atomoxetine and guanfacine), can be prescribed to help reduce symptoms of ADHD. It's important for individuals with ADHD to work closely with healthcare professionals, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, or specialized ADHD coaches, to develop a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses their specific needs. With proper management and support, individuals with ADHD can lead productive and fulfilling lives.

What causes ADHD?

The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood. However, research suggests that ADHD is likely caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Here are some factors that are believed to contribute to the development of ADHD:

• Genetics: ADHD tends to run in families, indicating a genetic component. Studies have shown that genes involved in the regulation of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, may play a role in the development of ADHD. However, no specific gene has been identified as the sole cause of ADHD, and it is likely that multiple genes interact with each other and environmental factors to contribute to the disorder.
• Brain Structure and Function: Differences in brain structure and functioning have been observed in individuals with ADHD. Areas of the brain involved in attention, impulse control, and executive functions may show differences in size, activation, or connectivity. These differences suggest that there may be disruptions in the neural pathways and neurotransmitter systems implicated in ADHD.
• Neurotransmitter Imbalance: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain that help regulate various functions, including attention, impulse control, and mood. Imbalances in the levels or functioning of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, have been associated with ADHD. These imbalances can affect the brain's ability to regulate attention, behavior, and cognitive processes.
• Environmental Factors: Certain environmental factors may contribute to the development of ADHD or exacerbate symptoms. These factors include exposure to toxins during pregnancy (such as alcohol, tobacco smoke, or lead), premature birth or low birth weight, prenatal maternal stress, and early childhood exposure to environmental toxins. However, it's important to note that these factors are not direct causes of ADHD but rather potential influences that can increase the likelihood of developing the disorder in individuals who are already predisposed genetically. It's important to understand that ADHD is a complex disorder, and the interplay between genetic and environmental factors is still being studied. It's likely that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental influences contributes to the development of ADHD. Additionally, other factors like parenting style, socioeconomic factors, and educational environments may also play a role in the manifestation and impact of ADHD symptoms.

Signs and Symptoms of ADHD

The symptoms of ADHD vary depending on the person’s age, gender identity and type of ADHD.

ADHD Symptoms in Adults

ADHD symptoms vary from one person to the next and also depend on their age. The following are some of the symptoms that can present with the three types of ADHD in adults.

ADHD Symptoms of Inattention and Distraction (Formerly Known as ADD Symptoms)

• Inability to focus on detail at work
• Brief attention span, even with preferred tasks or hobbies
• Inability to focus
• Poor executive function
• Forgetting normal daily activities
• Disliking anything that requires concentration

 ADHD Symptoms of Hyperactivity/Impulsivity

• Fidgeting continuously
• Restlessness
• Inability to relax
• Excessive talking

People with Combination ADHD will have a mix of these symptoms. Any diagnosis of ADHD requires that symptoms interfere with the person’s ability to conduct a regular life. An adult needs to exhibit at least five symptoms, and they must be evident for at least six months. Occasionally showing any of the above does not necessarily mean someone qualifies for an ADHD diagnosis.

ADHD Symptoms in Women

Diagnosing ADHD in women is further complicated by gender role expectations, including the need to manage yourself, your family and your home simultaneously, which is why ADHD is often overlooked and misunderstood for women.

Signs and Symptoms of ADHD in Women:

• Having trouble getting organized
• Getting easily distracted
• Being forgetful about things
• Not being able to pay attention
• Making careless mistakes
• Having trouble focusing
• Not following through
• Not finishing what you start
• Internalizing your feelings

ADHD Symptoms in Children

Diagnosing ADHD in children can be more complex. This is because children are very different in terms of development from adults and may not share certain symptoms. Parents and teachers should look for the following behaviors if they suspect ADHD in a child.

Inattentive ADHD symptoms in children include:

• Making mistakes they shouldn’t make in schoolwork
• Never staying with one toy for very long
• Detached from interaction with adults
• Avoidance of tasks that take focus and concentration
• An inability to keep track of things

Hyperactivity-Impulsivity ADHD symptoms in children include:

• Not staying still in class even when told to
• Constant fidgeting and tapping
• Inappropriate running or climbing
• Boundless levels of energy
• Endless talking
• Interrupting

Children should exhibit six of these symptoms for at least six months to qualify for a diagnosis. Children who have symptoms of both types of ADHD may be living with Combination ADHD

Treatment approach for ADHD

The treatment approach for ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) typically involves a combination of interventions that address the core symptoms and associated challenges. The following are common treatment options for ADHD:

• Behavioral Interventions: Behavioral interventions involve implementing strategies and techniques to manage and modify behavior. These interventions may include: - Parent Training: Parents can learn techniques to establish clear rules, provide structure and consistency, and implement effective discipline strategies. - School Interventions: Collaboration between parents, teachers, and school staff to develop accommodations and support strategies in the classroom, such as preferential seating, modified assignments, or additional breaks. - Individual or Family Therapy: Therapy can help individuals with ADHD and their families address emotional challenges, develop coping strategies, improve communication, and enhance problem-solving skills.
• Psychoeducation: Psychoeducation involves providing information and education about ADHD to individuals with ADHD, their families, and teachers. Understanding the condition can help individuals and their support network better manage symptoms, set realistic expectations, and develop appropriate strategies.
• Medication: Medication can be prescribed to manage ADHD symptoms. The most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD are stimulants (such as methylphenidate and amphetamines) and non-stimulants (such as atomoxetine and guanfacine). These medications help improve attention, focus, impulse control, and hyperactivity. The decision to use medication should be made in consultation with a qualified healthcare professional, considering the individual's specific needs, medical history, and potential risks and benefits.
• Coaching and Skill-Building: ADHD coaching involves working with a professional coach who specializes in ADHD to develop strategies, skills, and coping mechanisms. Coaches can provide support in areas such as time management, organization, goal setting, and self-regulation.
• Supportive Interventions: Additional supportive interventions may include support groups, organizational tools, assistive technologies, and environmental modifications to help individuals with ADHD manage their symptoms and improve functioning. It's important to note that treatment plans should be individualized and tailored to the specific needs of each person with ADHD. A comprehensive evaluation by a qualified healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, is crucial in determining the most appropriate treatment approach. Additionally, ongoing monitoring, support, and adjustments to the treatment plan may be necessary as the individual's needs change over time.

Our Approach to ADHD Therapy in Mercer County

Living with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be challenging, as it often affects your ability to concentrate, stay organized, and control impulses. At Mindwell Behavioral Health, our team of ADHD specialists in Ewing of Mercer County are dedicated to helping you navigate the complexities of ADHD and find effective ways to manage its impact on your daily life. Our comprehensive therapy approach is designed specifically to address the unique needs of individuals with ADHD.

Treatment Process at Mindwell Behavioral Health

At Mindwell Behavioral Health, we tailor our therapeutic approach to each individual. Our individualized approach for ADHD therapy includes:

• Initial Assessment: Comprehensive evaluation to understand your unique ADHD experience.
• Personalized Treatment Plan: Tailored strategies addressing specific needs and strengths.
• Skill Building and Coping Strategies: Empowering you with practical skills for daily challenges.
• Regular Support and Feedback: Ongoing sessions for consistent support and progress tracking.
• Medication Management (If Appropriate): Guidance and coordination for medication options.
• Celebrating Achievements: Acknowledging every step of progress.
• Future Planning: Guidance beyond therapy for long-term success